解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smokeless tobacco (SLT) products and their communication have been topics of discussion in harm reduction debates, but little is known about smokers' perceptions of existing SLT risk messages. This study aimed to explore smokers' perceptions of SLT and snus products and news stories with different risk messa...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052412
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cigarette consumption has declined in the USA. However, cigar consumption has increased. This may be due in part to some cigarette smokers switching to filtered cigars as a less expensive substitute for cigarettes. Additionally, some cigarette smokers may perceive and consume little filtered cigars as ciga...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052535
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS) was designed to characterise the availability, placement, promotion and price of tobacco products, with items chosen for relevance to regulating the retail tobacco environment. This study describes the process to develop the STARS instrument and ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053076
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 'common knowledge' defence is a legal strategy which has been successfully used by defendant tobacco companies to avoid legal responsibility for the harms caused by smoking. Tobacco companies have hired professional historians to try to persuade courts about a longstanding high level of public awareness regarding ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052618
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco often elicits negative connotations of a lower class product, uptake and use by young adult smokers has grown because RYO is more cost-effective than tailor-made (TM) cigarettes. We explored the practices and beliefs young adults develop to distance themselves from unattr...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053168
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The Dutch implementation of the black border provision in the 2001 European Union Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) is studied to examine the implications of tobacco industry involvement in the implementation phase of the policy process. METHODS:A qualitative analysis was conducted of Dutch government docu...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052302
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brazil has experienced a large decline in smoking prevalence due to several tobacco control policies that were implemented in the past 25 years. Previous population-wide studies found a consistent reduction over time in daily cigarette consumption among all socioeconomic groups. OBJECTIVE:To examine changes...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052324
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hookahs (water pipes) are rapidly increasing in popularity worldwide. Evidence suggests that although perceived as safer than cigarette smoke, hookah smoke may be as, or even more, dangerous as cigarette smoke. METHODS:Air samples from 33 homes-11 where only hookah-smoking occurred, 12 with only cigarette...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053165
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As limitations on traditional marketing tactics and scrutiny by tobacco control have increased, the tobacco industry has benefited from direct mail marketing which transmits marketing messages directly to carefully targeted consumers utilising extensive custom consumer databases. However, research in these a...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052314
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the perceived effectiveness of text and pictorial smokeless tobacco health warnings in India and Bangladesh, including different types of message content. METHODS:An experimental study was conducted in Navi Mumbai, India (n=1002), and Dhaka, Bangladesh (n=1081). Face-to-face interviews were conduc...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052315
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether snus might become a strategy for reducing the harm associated with cigarette smoking in the USA as appears to be the case in Sweden, we examined receptivity to snus use in two cities with the greatest exposure to the major brands. METHODS:A dual frame, telephone survey and a brief mail s...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051342
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) aerosolise a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerine, flavourants and the dependence-producing drug, nicotine, in various concentrations. This laboratory study examined the relationship between liquid nicotine concentration and plasma nicotine ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052447
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study tests relationships between the volume of advertisements (ads; public service announcements (PSAs)) employed in state antismoking campaigns, use of different themes and stylistic features in these PSAs, and state youth smoking prevalence between 1999 and 2005. METHODS:We merged commercially availa...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051836
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. METHOD:A prevalence-based disease-specific cost of illness approach was utilised to calculate the costs related to five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051821
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The tobacco industry often relies on the assertion that smokers make 'informed adult choices'. We tested this argument by exploring how young adults initiate smoking. METHODS:Fifteen in-depth interviews with young adults who had started smoking since turning 18, the legal age of adulthood and tobacco purchas...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051793
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two products indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and popular among South Asians globally - paan and paan masala - are inconsistently categorised as tobacco by researchers, clinicians, program planners and policymakers. This article calls for a universally standard classification of these smokeless carcinogenic produ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051700
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China is home to the greatest number of smokers as well as the greatest number of smoking-related deaths. An active and growing market of cigarettes marketed as 'light' or 'low tar' may keep health-concerned smokers from quitting, wrongly believing that such brands are less harmful. OBJECTIVE:This study sou...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051803
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco, with hundreds of millions of people exposed daily to secondhand smoke (SHS). Comprehensive smoke-free policies are the only effective way to protect the population from the harms of SHS. China does not have a comprehensive national smoke-free law but some loc...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052508
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have suggested that about 1 in 5 smokers report switching brands per year. However, these studies only report switching between brands. The current study estimated the rates of switching both within and between brand families and examining factors associated with brand and brand style switchin...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051765
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a leading preventable cause of illness, disability and mortality. There is a lack of quantitative analyses on socioeconomic disparities in SHS; especially, it is not known how socioeconomic disparities have changed in the past two decades in the USA. OBJECTIVES:To examine socioecon...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051660
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mental health units have usually been exempted from complete smoke-free policies. The aim of this study was to compare the self-reported level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) of patients and staff in psychiatric units to objective measures, and examine preference for different types of smoking bans. M...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051585
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the internet's broad reach and potential to influence consumer behaviour, there has been little examination of the volume, characteristics, and target audience of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertisements. METHODS:A full-service advertising firm was used to collect all online banner/video advert...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051246
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined the impact of tobacco tax and price policies in China. In addition, very little is known about the differential responses to tax and price increases based on socioeconomic status in China. OBJECTIVE:To estimate the conditional cigarette consumption price elasticity among adult urba...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052091
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International evidence shows that mass media campaigns are effective tobacco control interventions. However, they require substantial investment; a key question is whether their costs are justified by their benefits. The aim of this study was to systematically and comprehensively review economic evaluations ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051579
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This quasi-experimental longitudinal study monitored aggregate Google search queries as a proxy for consumer interest in non-cigarette tobacco products (NTP) around the time of the 2009 US federal tobacco tax increase. METHODS:Query trends for searches mentioning common NTP were downloaded from Google's pub...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051261
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A growing number of smokers support smoke-free laws. The theory of self-control provides one possible explanation for why smokers support laws that would restrict their own behaviour: the laws could serve as a self-control device for smokers who are trying to quit. OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that supp...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051255
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Implementation of tobacco plain packaging (PP) with larger graphic health warnings (GHWs) in Australia had positive effects on responses reflecting the specific objectives of the PP policy and on follow-up quitting-related cognitions and behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine predictive relationshi...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052057
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To extend the limited international evidence on youth in-vehicle second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure by examining trends in New Zealand, a country with a national smoke-free goal and indoors smoke-free environment legislation. METHODS:We tracked exposure rates and explored the associations between in-vehicle SH...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051124
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine how the intensity and duration of tobacco control advertising relate to adolescent smoking prevalence. METHODS:Australian students (aged 12-17 years) participating in a national survey conducted triennially between 1993 and 2008 (sample size range 12 314-16 611). The outcome measure was students' ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050945
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Social media, such as Twitter, have become major channels of communication and commentary on popular culture, including conversations on our nation's leading addiction: tobacco. The current study examined Twitter conversations following two tobacco-related events in the media: (1) President Obama's doctor ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051243
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Waterpipe smoking using sweetened, flavoured tobacco products has become a widespread global phenomenon. In this paper, we review chemical, physical and biological properties of waterpipe smoke. DATA SOURCES:Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases between 1991 and 2014. Search keywords include...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051907
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Health warning labels (HWLs) on tobacco packaging can be used to provide smoking cessation information, but the impact of this information is not well understood. METHODS:Online consumer panels of adult smokers from Canada, Australia and Mexico were surveyed in September 2012, January 2013 and May 2013; r...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051589
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study examined the impact of pictorial cigarette-warning labels, warning-label message framing and plain cigarette packaging, on young adult smokers' motivation to quit. METHODS:Smokers aged 18-30 years (n=740) from a consumer research panel were randomised to one of four experimental conditions where t...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051234
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While tobacco taxes and smoke-free air regulations have significantly decreased tobacco use, tobacco-related illness accounts for hundreds of thousands of annual deaths. Experts are considering additional strategies to further reduce tobacco consumption. METHODS:We investigated smokers' (n=2118) and non-smo...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051272
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pictorial health warnings are more effective than text warnings in enhancing motivation to quit and not to start smoking among youth. In Lebanon, packs still have only a very small text warning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050745
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Mentholated cigarettes are at least as dangerous to an individual's health as non-mentholated varieties. The addition of menthol to cigarettes reduces perceived harshness of smoke, which can facilitate initiation. Here, we examine correlates of menthol use, national trends in smoking menthol and non-mentho...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051159
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the association between duration and place of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and psychological distress in adolescents. METHODS:A cross-sectional study conducted in 2008 and 2009 in a representative sample of 4th-year students of secondary education (mean age 15.7 years) in the region of Madrid...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050548
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Validated metrics of tobacco dependence exist, but their value for global surveillance of tobacco dependence and development of tobacco control interventions is not well understood. This paper reviews tobacco dependence metrics for non-cigarette products, and whether measures of tobacco dependence have been ...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050641
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review the available literature evaluating electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) nicotine clinical pharmacology in order to understand the potential impact of e-cigarettes on individual users, nicotine dependence and public health. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted between 1 October 2012 and 30 Sept...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051469
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research has contributed significantly to tobacco control in high-income nations, but has not yet played a comparable role in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In recent years, efforts have been devoted to building research capacity in LMICs. Using publication in Tobacco Control as a proxy for all tob...
journal_title:Tobacco control
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050762
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00